Spain
Of Human BondageSpain occupies a central place in Philip Carey’s imagined future: it is the first destination in a journey he hopes will take him beyond England and eventually eastward, and a country he has already made intimate through books, art, and anticipation. Its importance lies less in any visit actually depicted than in what Philip expects travel to do: answer, or at least ease, the restlessness left by his continuing search for life’s meaning.
A destination planned from afar
Philip’s medical training gives the Spanish journey a practical horizon. He tells Doctor South that he has endured hardship while holding to the hope of qualifying so that he can travel; now that the goal is close, he feels an urgent desire to leave for places he has never seen. He expects to finish his appointment at St. Luke’s by the middle of the following year and believes he can then afford several months in Spain, rambling through the country before taking a ship east.
His plans are not merely a vague wish to go abroad. He has researched routes and the circumstances of shipboard medical work, considering how different services might allow him to travel onward after Spain. The country is therefore both a concrete first stage in a prospective itinerary and the threshold to a wider, still uncertain exploration.
Spain as an imagined homeland of art
Before setting out, Philip experiences Spain through the force of his imagination. He calls it the land of his heart and feels that it contains a message meant particularly for him. Its old cities seem familiar in advance: Cordova, Seville, Toledo, Leon, Tarragona, and Burgos are names he can picture as if he had walked their winding streets since childhood. His anticipation is shaped by the Spanish painters, whose works he regards as especially attuned to his own troubled and restless nature.
Literature and language deepen the expectation. Philip has read the country’s major poets and imagines their inspiration as arising directly from Spain’s plains and mountains rather than from general literary currents. He longs to hear Spanish spoken around him, because the language seems to him suited to grandeur of soul and passion. His projected encounter is thus artistic and imaginative as much as geographical: he expects to stand before paintings, move through historic cities, and hear a language already charged with meaning for him.
Regional distinctions and the promise of discovery
Philip’s image of Spain is not uniform. His taste warns him that Andalusia may be too soft and sensuous, even somewhat vulgar, to satisfy his ardour. His imagination turns instead toward the wind-swept expanses of Castile and the rugged grandeur of Aragon and Leon. These preferences reveal that he is not simply pursuing an attractive name or a conventional itinerary; he seeks landscapes that seem to answer a particular inner need.
Yet he does not claim to know what the journey will give him. He hopes that unfamiliar encounters will provide strength and purpose, preparing him to meet places still more distant and strange. The qualification matters: Spain is imagined as a possible beginning of discovery, not as a guaranteed cure or a destination that will settle every question.
Travel and the unresolved search
Philip’s confidence in Spain coexists with uncertainty about the purpose of travel itself. He does not know what he is seeking or what his journeys will bring, but hopes to gain some clue to a mystery that has become more mysterious as he has tried to solve it. Even the possibility of finding nothing does not cancel the journey’s appeal: he believes wandering may quiet the unrest that gnaws at him.
The contrast between long preparation and uncertain outcome gives Spain its narrative significance. Philip has already populated the country with cities, painters, poets, regional landscapes, and expectations of personal recognition. His daughter Sally later asks about the travels to Spain he has discussed with her and her father, confirming that these plans have become part of his conversations as well as his private imaginings. Spain consequently stands at once for a real proposed journey and for a future Philip cannot yet know: an attempt to exchange anticipation for lived experience, without assurance that experience will provide the answer he wants.


